Sociologist and technology researcher James Muldoon explores the rapidly expanding world of AI-human relationships, from 'griefbots' and AI girlfriends to virtual companions and AI-powered therapists.

Since the first version of ChatGPT was released in 2022, advanced artificial intelligence systems known as large language models (LLMs) are present in many aspects of our daily lives.

We turn to 'chatbots' to brainstorm ideas, look up recipes, analyze data, and even make art, but the amicable tone these AI models respond with is increasingly pushing people to treat them as friends rather than tools.

James Muldoon is a sociologist, author, and Research Associate at the Essex Business School, whose work focuses on how technology affects our work, economy, and social ties.

In his 2026 book Love Machines, Muldoon examines the rising trend of using AI for emotional support and companionship.